Humanism, a 14th and 15th-century movement, emphasized individual potential, inspired by Francesco Petrarca. It spread across Italy, promoting a human-centric view against the Church's fear-based doctrines. It led to Renaissance Humanism, advocating classical antiquity's revival. Key centers included Rome, Florence, and Venice, focusing on humanities over medieval scholasticism. Humanism harmonized with Christianity, influencing arts and sculpture. Artists like Donatello gained recognition, shifting art's status. Early humanists, including church members like Petrarch, collected ancient manuscripts, spreading humanist education and ideals.
